This Blog Contains Remote sensing, Digital image processing, Photogrammetry, Surveying, Geodesy and GIS Manuals and presentations written by me.
Simply a " Collection of Geo-Spatial Knowledge "
Chi-square test is one of the main statistical test using in the Surveying and Geodesy to test the data sets. I found one of the good Chi-square test presentation in net. I hope this post help us to clear the basic concepts of Chi-square test.
Sorry, I forgotten reference from where downloaded.
Any how I thankful to the Author.
If I were to look
over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth,
power, and beauty that nature can bestow—in some parts, a very paradise on earth—I should point to India. If I were asked
under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts,
has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions
of some of them which well deserve the attention even of those who have studied
Plato and Kant—I should point to India.
And if I were to ask myself from what literature we, here in Europe, we who have
been nurtured almost exclusively on the thoughts of Greeks and Romans, and of one
Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that corrective which is most wanted in order
to make our inner life more perfect, more comprehensive, more universal, in fact
more truly human, a life, not for this life only, but a transfigured and eternal
life—again I should point to India.
-MAX MULLAR
I shall not attempt to prove that Sanskrit literature
is as good as Greek literature. Why should we always compare. A study of Greek literature
has its own purpose, and a study of Sanskrit literature has its own purpose ; but
what I feel convinced of, and hope to convince you of, is that' Sanskrit literature,
if studied only in a right spirit, is full of human interests, full of lessons which
even Greek could never teach Us.
Katha
may be the most widely known amongst all the Upanishads; its early Persian
translations first found their way into Europe. Max Müller translated it 1879, Edwin
Arnold rendered it in verse, as "The Secret of Death" and Ralph Waldo
Emerson gave the central story at the end of his essay, Immortality.
Central to the text is the story of Nachiketa, son of sage Vajasravasa, and his
encounter with Yama, Hindu God of death.
"Arise! Awake!
Realise and achieve the Highest with
the help of the illumining, guiding and fulfilling Masters. The
path is as sharp as the edge of a razor, difficultto
cross, hard to tread - so declare the wise sages."
Commentary:
Arise! You need Supreme knowledge (God). Awake! Supreme knowledge (God) needs
you." Who brings this message? The Master.
The road may be long, but not
endless. The goal is not only an endless life, but an ever-energising, immortal breath.
A wise sage is he whose outer life is the manifestation
of the Truth's
inner life.
Aryabhatta (476-550 A.D.) was born in Patliputra in Magadha, modern Patna in Bihar. Many are of the view that he was born in the south of India especially Kerala and lived in Magadha at the time of the Gupta rulers; time which is known as the golden age of India. There is no evidence that he was born outside Patliputra and traveled to Magadha, the centre of education and learning for his studies where he even set up a coaching centre. His first name "Arya" is hardly a south Indian name while "Bhatt" (or Bhatta) is a typical north Indian name even found today specially among the "Bania" (or trader) community.
Whatever this origin, it cannot be argued that he lived in Patliputra where he wrote his famous treatise the "Aryabhatta-siddhanta" but more famously the "Aryabhatiya", the only work to have survived. It contains mathematical and astronomical theories that have been revealed to be quite accurate in modern mathematics. For instance he wrote that if 4 is added to 100 and then multiplied by 8 then added to 62,000 then divided by 20,000 the answer will be equal to the circumference of a circle of diameter twenty thousand. This calculates to 3.1416 close to the actual value Pi (3.14159). But his greatest contribution has to be zero. His other works include algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry, quadratic equations and the sine table.
He already knew that the earth spins on its axis, the earth moves round the sun and the moon rotates round the earth. He talks about the position of the planets in relation to its movement around the sun. He refers to the light of the planets and the moon as reflection from the sun. He goes as far as to explain the eclipse of the moon and the sun, day and night, the contours of the earth, the length of the year exactly as 365 days.He even computed the circumference of the earth as 24835 miles which is close to modern day calculation of 24900 miles.
This remarkable man was a genius and continues to baffle many mathematicians of today. His works was then later adopted by the Greeks and then the Arabs
